diff --git a/src/shardkv1/shardgrp/client.go b/src/shardkv1/shardgrp/client.go
index 71f859c..e882708 100644
--- a/src/shardkv1/shardgrp/client.go
+++ b/src/shardkv1/shardgrp/client.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package shardgrp
 
 import (
 
-
 	"6.5840/kvsrv1/rpc"
 	"6.5840/shardkv1/shardcfg"
 	"6.5840/tester1"
diff --git a/src/shardkv1/shardkv_test.go b/src/shardkv1/shardkv_test.go
index 1107ccd..7d1aec6 100644
--- a/src/shardkv1/shardkv_test.go
+++ b/src/shardkv1/shardkv_test.go
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestStaticOneShardGroup5A(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// disconnect raft leader of shardgrp and check that keys are
 	// still available
-	ts.disconnectClntFromLeader(ck.(*kvtest.TestClerk).Clnt, shardcfg.Gid1)
+	ts.disconnectClntFromLeader(shardcfg.Gid1)
 
 	for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
 		ts.CheckGet(ck, ka[i], va[i], rpc.Tversion(1)) // check the puts
diff --git a/src/shardkv1/test.go b/src/shardkv1/test.go
index 607b16c..5df61d2 100644
--- a/src/shardkv1/test.go
+++ b/src/shardkv1/test.go
@@ -178,25 +178,12 @@ func (ts *Test) leaveGroups(sck *shardctrler.ShardCtrler, gids []tester.Tgid) bo
 	return true
 }
 
-func (ts *Test) disconnectRaftLeader(gid tester.Tgid) (int, string) {
-	_, l := rsm.Leader(ts.Config, gid)
-	g := ts.Group(gid)
-	ln := g.SrvName(l)
-	g.DisconnectAll(l)
-	return l, ln
-}
-
-func (ts *Test) reconnectOldLeader(gid tester.Tgid, l int) {
-	g := ts.Group(gid)
-	g.ConnectOne(l)
-}
-
-func (ts *Test) disconnectClntFromLeader(clnt *tester.Clnt, gid tester.Tgid) int {
-	l, ln := ts.disconnectRaftLeader(gid)
-	p := ts.Group(gid).AllowServersExcept(l)
-	srvs := ts.Group(gid).SrvNamesTo(p)
-	clnt.Disconnect(ln)
-	clnt.ConnectTo(srvs)
+func (ts *Test) disconnectClntFromLeader(gid tester.Tgid) int {
+	ok, l := rsm.Leader(ts.Config, gid)
+	if !ok {
+		log.Fatalf("Leader failed")
+	}
+	ts.Group(gid).ShutdownServer(l)
 	return l
 }
 
diff --git a/src/tester1/group.go b/src/tester1/group.go
index 28849fa..8382d75 100644
--- a/src/tester1/group.go
+++ b/src/tester1/group.go
@@ -299,19 +299,6 @@ func (sg *ServerGrp) MakePartition(l int) ([]int, []int) {
 	return p1, p2
 }
 
-func (sg *ServerGrp) AllowServersExcept(l int) []int {
-	n := len(sg.srvs) - 1
-	p := make([]int, n)
-	j := 0
-	for i, _ := range sg.srvs {
-		if i != l {
-			p[j] = i
-			j++
-		}
-	}
-	return p
-}
-
 func (sg *ServerGrp) Partition(p1 []int, p2 []int) {
 	//log.Printf("partition servers into: %v %v\n", p1, p2)
 	for i := 0; i < len(p1); i++ {